Preliminary Study of Wavelet Method for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations

Wavelet method is the backbone of various wavelet residue methods. In this context, Wavelet Galerkin Method is becoming a powerful tool to solve various type of differential equations. In this method, discrete orthogonal wavelets (family of functions with compact support) are used as shape functions which are easier to compute. These discrete orthogonal wavelets form a basis on a bounded domain. The connecting coefficients obtained by using Daubechies wavelet are presented to calculate the coefficient matrix. Initially we have considered an example problem and the general solutions of the same has been discussed by using wavelet Galerkin method. Then Haar wavelet has been studied in detail. Finally using wavelet method various example problems have been investigated. The obtained results are found to be in good agreement

An analytical formulation for phase noise in MEMS oscillators.

In recent years, there has been much interest in the design of low-noise MEMS oscillators. This paper presents a new analytical formulation for noise in a MEMS oscillator encompassing essential resonator and amplifier nonlinearities. The analytical expression for oscillator noise is derived by solving a second-order nonlinear stochastic differential equation. This approach is applied to noise modeling of an electrostatically addressed MEMS resonator-based square-wave oscillator in which the resonator and oscillator circuit nonlinearities are integrated into a single modeling framework. By considering the resulting amplitude and phase relations, we derive additional noise terms resulting from resonator nonlinearities. The phase diffusion of an oscillator is studied and the phase diffusion coefficient is proposed as a metric for noise optimization. The proposed nonlinear phase noise model provides analytical insight into the underlying physics and a pathway toward the design optimization for low-noise MEMS oscillators.The authors would like to thank the UK-Indian Education and Research Initiative (grant SA06-250) and the Cambridge Trusts for funding support.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2014.00651

Clinical correlation between serum uric acid level and tophus involmente of tendon: a descriptive study

Background: Clinical correlation between serum uric acid level and tophus involvement of tendon.Methods: This is a non randomised multicetric prospective study carried out from December 2015 to May 2018. This is a descriptive study comprising 108 patients with diagnosis of gout according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. US examination included the quadriceps tendons, the patellar Tendon, peroneus tendon and the Achilles tendon. All tendons were evaluated bilaterally according to the EULAR guidelines for performing US in rheumatology.Results: We included the patients aged between 20-60 year. In this study male patients was 86 (79.63% ) and 22 (20.37%) patient were female. In this study 108 patients with serum uric acid level between 5.5 -9.0 mg/dl with age from 20 yr to 60 yr were studied. Uric acid level between 7 - 9 mg/dl found in 68.48% and it was in age between 30–45 yr of age. 73 patiens (67.59%) had pain at enthesis for at least once before inclusion in the study. Intra-tendinous tophi and hyperechoic aggregates were the most frequent lesions at the tendon in US examinations. In our study Patellar tendon is the most frequently involved tendon followed by quadriceps, Achilles and peroneus tendon.Conclusions: Tophius involvement of tendon in the lower limbs in gout is very frequent, particularly at the patellar tendon, Quadriceps tendon and Achilles tendon

Surging Volatility: An Internet Effect?

This paper analyzes the impact of firmsí adoption of online retailing on their stock price volatility. Given the nascency of the Web, firms moving online are faced with an increased uncertainty in their product markets in addition to fixed setup costs. A simple model illustrates how increased uncertainty in the product markets increases the volatility of the firmís profits and its stock price. Results consistent with the model are confirmed by an empirical analysis of the volatility of stock prices of traditional firms adopting online-retailing. Both the traditional event study methodology as well as the structural break analysis reveal a distinct surge in volatility of firmsí stock prices around the date of announcement of their online-retailing operations, an effect that is absent in a matched sample of traditional firms. More interestingly, the volatility-surge is absent for the sample of firms that moved online prior to June 1998. Ongoing research examines possible drivers and the implications of these phenomena for investors, firms, and regulatory authorities

Aspects of Nanoelectronics in Materials Development

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that potentially impacts all aspects of the chip-making practice from materials to devices, to circuits, and to system-level architecture. Nanoelectronics is an interdisciplinary division which refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. The materials and devices used in nanoelectronics are so small that the interatomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties of such materials need to be studied extensively. Various electronic devices manufactured at nanoscale have been established: devices having negative differential resistance, switches which can be electrically configured, tunneling junctions, carbon nanotube (CNT) transistor, and unimolecular transistor. Some devices have also been linked together to form circuits proficient of performing functions such as logic functions and basic memory. Some of the widely used materials in nanoelectronics include zero-dimensional materials like quantum dots; one-dimensional materials like nanotubes and nanowires; nanoclusters and nanocomposites; carbon-based materials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes and graphene; etc. Plastic C nanoelectronics is also a prominent research area with collaboration between the materials science, chemistry, physics, nanotechnology, and engineering communities. As one of the most promising contenders, C nanostructures, either 2D graphene or quasi-1D CNTs, have unlocked entirely new standpoints concerning the C-based electronics. This chapter focuses on the approaches of nanotechnology toward nanoelectronics, materials used in nanoelectronics and the applications of nanoelectronics related to carbon-based materials in the field of thin-film transistors, printed electronics (PE), artificial skin and muscle, wearable electronics, flexible gas sensors, multifunctional and responsive elastomers, and plastic solar panels

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LIPID BASED TOPICAL FORMULATIONS OF SILVER SULFADIAZINE FOR TREATMENT OF BURNS AND WOUNDS

Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop a novel lipid based film forming gel based on polymer and to investigate its potential as slow-release wound healing vehicle. The lipid based is composed of water soluble gel with model drug (Silver Sulfadiazine) and an egg oil, which acted as a remove scars. The morphology, rheology, mechanical properties, in-vitro drug release profiles were investigated. A smooth film layers was produced. The characterization results showed that film has superior mechanical and rheological properties than the ointment and cream. The lipid based gel treating low suppurating wounds and suitable for slow release application on wound surfaces. The lipid based gel also provided a significant higher healing rate in-vivo, with well-formed epidermis with faster granulation tissue formation when compared to the controls. In conclusions, a novel polymer-based lipid film gel was developed and results suggested that they can be exploited as slow-release wound dressings. Key Words: Wound healings, slow release, silver sulfadiazine and film ge